<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<article article-type="Original Research">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher">innovative-journal-of-medical-imaging</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Innovative Journal of Medical Imaging</journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn publication-format="electronic">3048-5568</issn>
      <issn publication-format="print">3139-891X</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>SPJ PUBLICATION</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.62502/ijmi/v3i1art5</article-id>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>A Preliminary Comparative Study on the Diagnostic Accuracy of Machine Learning AI Systems in Medical Diagnosis</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Jha</surname>
            <given-names>Prashant Kumar</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <volume>3</volume>
      <issue>1</issue>
      <fpage>20</fpage>
      <lpage>23</lpage>
      <pub-date date-type="pub">
        <day>30</day>
        <month>03</month>
        <year>2026</year>
      </pub-date>
      <abstract>
        <p>Background: Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) systems are increasingly being explored in medical imaging to support radiological diagnosis.&#13;
&#13;
Aim: This study aimed to perform a preliminary comparative assessment of the diagnostic accuracy of an ML-based ChatGPT reporting system versus manual radiologist interpretation in general radiography.&#13;
&#13;
Materials and Methods: A prospective study was conducted on 30 radiographic examinations (n = 30), including chest X-rays (PA view), spine (AP and lateral), upper extremity, and lower extremity radiographs, performed using an X-Tech 500 mA X-ray machine over a period from 2nd January 2026 to 16th January 2026. Each image was first reported by a radiologist, then independently analyzed by a ChatGPT-based ML system. Both reports were finally reviewed by a senior radiologist as the reference standard.&#13;
&#13;
Results: Manual radiologist interpretation showed higher diagnostic accuracy (96.7%, n = 29/30) compared to the ML system (80.0%, n = 24/30), with a statistically significant difference (p &amp;lt; 0.05). The ML system performed better in chest radiographs but showed reduced sensitivity in musculoskeletal imaging. It frequently failed to detect subtle findings such as hairline fractures and non-displaced fractures, with significantly lower sensitivity (33.3% vs 100%, p &amp;lt; 0.01).&#13;
&#13;
Conclusion: The ML-based ChatGPT system demonstrated moderate diagnostic performance but was inferior to manual radiologist interpretation, particularly for subtle skeletal injuries.</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group>
        <kwd>Machine Learning</kwd>
        <kwd>Artificial Intelligence</kwd>
        <kwd>ChatGPT</kwd>
        <kwd>General Radiography</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <custom-meta-group>
        <custom-meta>
          <meta-name>access</meta-name>
          <meta-value>open</meta-value>
        </custom-meta>
        <custom-meta>
          <meta-name>retracted</meta-name>
          <meta-value>no</meta-value>
        </custom-meta>
        <custom-meta>
          <meta-name>source_url</meta-name>
          <meta-value>https://spjmhs.com/volume/3/issue/1/article/39</meta-value>
        </custom-meta>
      </custom-meta-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
</article>
