Role of Non-Contrast Computed Tomography in the Initial Evaluation of Traumatic Brain Injury: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, particularly in emergency settings. Rapid and accurate imaging is essential for early diagnosis and management. Non-contrast computed tomography (NCCT) remains the first-line imaging modality for evaluating acute head trauma.

Aim: To assess the diagnostic role and spectrum of findings of non-contrast CT in the initial evaluation of patients with traumatic brain injury.

Materials and Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 156 patients with suspected TBI who underwent NCCT of the brain. CT findings were analyzed in relation to demographic data, mechanism of injury, and Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score.

Results: Abnormal CT findings were observed in 112 patients (71.8%). The most common findings were cerebral contusions (38.5%), skull fractures (34.6%), and intracranial hemorrhage (31.4%). Severe TBI cases showed a significantly higher incidence of multiple CT abnormalities.

Conclusion: Non-contrast CT plays a crucial role in the early evaluation of traumatic brain injury by rapidly identifying life-threatening intracranial lesions and guiding emergency management decisions.