A Prospective Study on the Clinical Profile and Pattern of Head Injury in Patients Following Road Traffic Accidents

Background: Road traffic accidents (RTAs) are a major global health concern and a leading cause of head injury, particularly in developing countries. Head injury, or traumatic brain injury (TBI), is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Early identification of clinical findings is essential for prompt management and improved outcomes.

Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the most common clinical findings in patients presenting with head injury following RTAs.

Materials and Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted on 50 patients with RTA-related head injury in a tertiary care hospital. Clinical data including age, gender, symptoms, and Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) scores were recorded using a structured proforma. Descriptive statistical analysis was applied and results were expressed in frequency and percentage.

Results: Among 50 patients, 72% were males, with the majority (52%) aged 20–40 years. Headache was the most common symptom (80%), followed by loss of consciousness (60%) and vomiting (50%). Scalp injury was seen in 46% of cases, dizziness in 40%, neurological deficits in 20%, and seizures in 16%. Based on GCS, 60% had mild, 24% moderate, and 16% severe head injury.

Conclusion: Headache, loss of consciousness, and vomiting were the predominant clinical findings in RTA-related head injury. Most cases were mild in severity. Early clinical assessment is crucial for timely diagnosis, management, and reduction of complications.